- grep命令的常用格式为：grep [选项] ”模式“ [文件]
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep --help
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERNS [FILE]...
Search for PATTERNS in each FILE.
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c
PATTERNS can contain multiple patterns separated by newlines.
Pattern selection and interpretation:
-E, --extended-regexp PATTERNS are extended regular expressions 开启扩展（Extend）的正则表达式
-F, --fixed-strings PATTERNS are strings 模式字符串
-G, --basic-regexp PATTERNS are basic regular expressions 普通的表示法来使用
-P, --perl-regexp PATTERNS are Perl regular expressions 用perl正则表达式
-e, --regexp=PATTERNS use PATTERNS for matching 指定字符串做为查找文件内容的样式
-f, --file=FILE take PATTERNS from FILE 让grep查找符合规则条件的文件内容
-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions in patterns and data 忽略字符大小写的差别
--no-ignore-case do not ignore case distinctions (default)
-w, --word-regexp match only whole words 只显示全字符合的列
-x, --line-regexp match only whole lines 行匹配模式
-z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline 文件中间空行展示
Miscellaneous:
-s, --no-messages suppress error messages 不显示错误信息
-v, --invert-match select non-matching lines 显示不包含匹配文本的所有行
-V, --version display version information and exit 版本信息
--help display this help text and exit 帮助
Output control:
-m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM selected lines 匹配几行后停止
-b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines 显示符合样式的那一行之前
-n, --line-number print line number with output lines 显示所匹配行数
--line-buffered flush output on every line
-H, --with-filename print file name with output lines 显示匹配文件名
-h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output 不显示匹配文件名
--label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix
-o, --only-matching show only nonempty parts of lines that match 只显示匹配信息
-q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output 不显示任何信息
--binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;
TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'
-a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text 不忽略二进制的数据
-I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match 忽略二进制的数据
-d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories; 匹配目录下的信息
ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'
-D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'
-r, --recursive like --directories=recurse 此参数的效果和指定"-d recurse"参数相同
-R, --dereference-recursive likewise, but follow all symlinks
--include=GLOB search only files that match GLOB (a file pattern)
--exclude=GLOB skip files that match GLOB
--exclude-from=FILE skip files that match any file pattern from FILE
--exclude-dir=GLOB skip directories that match GLOB
-L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs with no selected lines 显示不匹配的文件名
-l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs with selected lines 显示匹配的文件名
-c, --count print only a count of selected lines per FILE 显示匹配行数
-T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)
-Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name
Context control:
-B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
-A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
-C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
-NUM same as --context=NUM
--color[=WHEN],
--colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;
WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'
-U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)
# 输出文件中特定字符的行
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -F start Desktop/mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
# 输出文件中特定字符的行
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -e 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
# 输出文件2中于文件1中相同的内容
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -f mysql-start.bat mysql-stop.bat
echo mysql
# 忽略大写小写
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -i 'MYSQL' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# 列出符合字符的列
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -w 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# 全行匹配
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -x 'echo mysql' mysql-start.bat
echo mysql
# -z文字中间空行展示
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -z 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysqlmoke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$
# -s:错误信息过滤
echo mysqlmoke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -z 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
error: 1212
echo mysqlmoke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -s 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# -v 显示不匹配的所有行
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -v 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
error: 1212
# -V 显示版本信息
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -V
grep (GNU grep) 3.4
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
# -m 匹配几个
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -m 1 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -m 2 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# -n 显示所匹配行数
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -n 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
1:net start mysql
3:echo mysql
# -H 显示匹配文件名
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -H 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
mysql-start.bat:net start mysql
mysql-start.bat:echo mysql
# -h 不显示匹配文件名
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -h 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# -o 只显示匹配信息
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_/Desktop$ grep -o 'mysql' mysql-start.bat
mysql
mysql
# -d read/recurse/skip 查找目录下的匹配
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -d read 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:net start mysql
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:echo mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:net stop mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:echo mysql
# -r 效果和指定"-d recurse"参数相同
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -r 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:net start mysql
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:echo mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:net stop mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:echo mysql
# -L 显示不匹配文件名
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -L 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/IMG_0002087+7电子.jpg
Desktop/Internet Download Manager.lnk
Desktop/QQ浏览器.lnk
Desktop/desktop.ini
Desktop/微信图片_20210609104726.jpg
Desktop/本课程学习必读.pdf
Desktop/迅雷.lnk
# -l 显示匹配文件名
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -l 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/mysql-start.bat
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat
# -c 显示匹配行数
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -c 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
2
# -T 使用tab 对齐
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -T 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/mysql-start.bat: net start mysql
Desktop/mysql-start.bat: echo mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat: net stop mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat: echo mysql
# -Z 只展示匹配行内容
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -Z 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
echo mysql
# -B 除了显示匹配的那一行之外，并显示该行之前的内容。
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -B 2 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
1231
net start mysql
error: 1212
echo mysql
# -A 显示匹配行之后的内容
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -A 2 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
net start mysql
error: 1212
echo mysql
0110110101111001011100110111000101101100
# -C 显示匹配之前之后的内容，数字代表显示几行
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -C 2 'mysql' Desktop/mysql-start.bat
1231
net start mysql
error: 1212
echo mysql
0110110101111001011100110111000101101100
1122
# -U 不剥离EOL结束符
moke@moke:/mnt/c/Users/moke_$ grep -U 'mysql' Desktop/*
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:net start mysql
Desktop/mysql-start.bat:echo mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:net stop mysql
Desktop/mysql-stop.bat:echo mysql
