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Learn Python If Statements: Basics and Examples for Beginners

nanyue 2025-05-05 17:52:34 技术文章 17 ℃

Hello, everyone! Today we will learn about if statements in Python. If statements are one of the most important tools in programming. They help our code make decisions based on certain conditions (条件). Let’s dive in!

What is an If Statement?

An if statement is a way to control the flow (流程) of your program. It allows your code to "do something" only if a specific condition is true. If the condition is false, the code inside the if statement will be skipped (跳过).

Basic syntax (语法):

if condition:  
    # code to execute (执行) if condition is true  

Notice the colon (:) after the condition and the indentation (缩进) of the code block. In Python, indentation is very important to show which code belongs to the if statement.

Example 1: Simple If Statement

Let’s see a simple example. Suppose we want to check if a number is positive (正的).

number = 5  
if number > 0:  
    print("The number is positive!")  

Explanation:

  • The condition is number > 0.
  • Since number is 5, the condition is true, so the code prints "The number is positive!".
  • If number were -3, the condition would be false, and nothing would be printed.

Using Else for Alternative Cases

What if we want our code to do something when the condition is false? We can use the else keyword. The else block runs when the if condition is not met.

Syntax:

if condition:  
    # code for true case  
else:  
    # code for false case  

Example 2: If-Else Statement

temperature = 25  
if temperature > 30:  
    print("It's hot outside!")  
else:  
    print("It's cool outside!")  

Explanation:

  • The condition temperature > 30 is false (25 is not greater than 30), so the else block runs and prints "It's cool outside!".

Using Elif for Multiple Conditions

Sometimes we need to check more than two cases. The elif (short for "else if") keyword allows us to add additional conditions.

Syntax:

if condition1:  
    # code for condition1  
elif condition2:  
    # code for condition2  
else:  
    # code for all other cases  

Example 3: If-Elif-Else Statement
Let’s check a student’s grade and print their level.

grade = 85  
if grade >= 90:  
    print("A: Excellent!")  
elif grade >= 80:  
    print("B: Good job!")  
elif grade >= 70:  
    print("C: Keep trying!")  
else:  
    print("D: Need improvement.")  

Explanation:

  • The code checks grade >= 90 first (false, since grade is 85).
  • Then it checks grade >= 80 (true), so it prints "B: Good job!".
  • Elif conditions are checked in order until one is true.

Important Notes

  1. Conditions can be any expression that evaluates to True or False. Examples: x == 5 (equal to), y != 10 (not equal to), age < 18 (less than), name == "Alice" (string comparison).
  2. Indentation is crucial. All code inside the if/else/elif block must have the same indentation (usually 4 spaces).
  3. You can nest if statements inside other if statements (called nested ifs), but try to keep it simple for readability.

Let’s Practice!

Try writing an if statement to check:

  • If a number is even or odd.
  • If a string is empty or not.
  • If a year is a leap year (hint: use % modulo operator).

Practice makes perfect!


学习Python的if语句:初学者的基础知识和示例

大家好!今天我们将学习Python中的if语句。if语句是编程中最重要的工具之一,它们帮助我们的代码根据特定的条件(condition)做出决策。让我们开始吧!

什么是if语句?

if语句是控制程序流程(flow)的一种方式。它允许代码仅在特定条件为真(true)时“执行某些操作”。如果条件为假(false),if语句内的代码将被跳过(skipped)。

基本语法(syntax):

if 条件:  
    # 如果条件为真时执行(execute)的代码  

注意条件后要有冒号(:),并且代码块需要缩进(indentation)。在Python中,缩进非常重要,用于表示哪些代码属于if语句。

示例1:简单的if语句

我们来看一个简单的例子。假设我们想检查一个数字是否为正的(positive)。

number = 5  
if number > 0:  
    print("The number is positive!")  

解释:

  • 条件是number > 0。
  • 由于number是5,条件为真,因此代码会打印“The number is positive!”。
  • 如果number是-3,条件为假,代码将不会打印任何内容。

使用else处理其他情况

如果我们想让代码在条件为假时执行某些操作怎么办?我们可以使用else关键字。当if条件不满足时,else块会运行。

语法:

if 条件:  
    # 条件为真时的代码  
else:  
    # 条件为假时的代码  

示例2:if-else语句

temperature = 25  
if temperature > 30:  
    print("It's hot outside!")  
else:  
    print("It's cool outside!")  

解释:

  • 条件temperature > 30为假(25不大于30),因此else块运行,打印“It's cool outside!”。

使用elif处理多个条件

有时我们需要检查两个以上的情况。elif(“else if”的缩写)关键字允许我们添加额外的条件。

语法:

if 条件1:  
    # 条件1为真时的代码  
elif 条件2:  
    # 条件2为真时的代码  
else:  
    # 其他所有情况的代码  

示例3:if-elif-else语句
我们来检查学生的成绩并打印他们的等级。

grade = 85  
if grade >= 90:  
    print("A: Excellent!")  
elif grade >= 80:  
    print("B: Good job!")  
elif grade >= 70:  
    print("C: Keep trying!")  
else:  
    print("D: Need improvement.")  

解释:

  • 代码首先检查grade >= 90(假,因为成绩是85)。
  • 然后检查grade >= 80(真),因此打印“B: Good job!”。
  • elif条件会按顺序检查,直到有一个为真。

重要注意事项

  1. 条件可以是任何计算结果为True或False的表达式。 示例:x == 5(等于),y != 10(不等于),age < 18(小于),name == "Alice"(字符串比较)。
  2. 缩进至关重要。 if/else/elif块内的所有代码必须具有相同的缩进(通常为4个空格)。
  3. 可以在if语句中嵌套其他if语句(称为嵌套if),但为了可读性,尽量保持简洁。

让我们练习吧!

尝试编写if语句来检查:

  • 一个数字是偶数还是奇数。
  • 一个字符串是否为空。
  • 某一年是否为闰年(提示:使用%取模运算符)。

熟能生巧!


专业词汇及不常用词汇表

  1. if statements, /f 'stetmnts/, n,if语句(用于条件判断的代码结构)
  2. condition, /kn'dn/, n,条件(判断真假的表达式)
  3. flow, /flo/, n,流程(程序执行的顺序)
  4. skip, /skp/, v,跳过(不执行某部分代码)
  5. syntax, /'sntaeks/, n,语法(编程语言的规则)
  6. execute, /'ekskjut/, v,执行(运行代码)
  7. indentation, /nden'ten/, n,缩进(代码行前的空格)
  8. positive, /'pɑztv/, adj,正的(大于零的)
  9. else, /els/, conj,否则(if条件不满足时的分支)
  10. elif, /'elf/, conj,否则如果(多个条件判断的中间分支)
  11. modulo, /'mɑdlo/, n,取模(求余数的运算)
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