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Dedian11下安装开源智能家居系统Home Assistant Core实践

nanyue 2025-05-08 20:20:04 技术文章 22 ℃

Home Assistant 是一款在 Python 3 上运行的家庭自动化平台。能够跟踪和控制家庭中的所有设备，并提供自动化控制平台。Home Assistant 有一个简单的、适合移动设备的界面来控制你的所有设备，且不会将任何数据存储在云端，以保护个人隐私。下面，我们以step by step的方式演示一下如何在debian11环境下安装Home Assistant Core（之前叫Home Assistant）

1 安装软件依赖包

更新apt软件列表

root@debian:~# apt-get update

将系统内核及软件包升级到最新版本

root@debian:~# apt-get upgrade -y

在这里最好重启一下系统，以确保最新的内核被加载

root@debian:~# reboot


重启后验证一下内核版本

root@debian:~# uname -a

Linux debian 5.10.0-19-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.149-2 (2022-10-21) x86_64 GNU/Linux

安装软件依赖，Python需要安装3.9及以上版本（包含python3-dev）

apt-get install -y python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip bluez libffi-dev libssl-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libopenjp2-7 libtiff5 libturbojpeg0-dev tzdata


2 创建账号

为Home Assistant Core创建一个账号及home目录

root@debian:~# useradd -rm homeassistant

3 创建虚拟环境

创建Home Assistant Core的安装目录并更改目录属主账号为homeassistant


root@debian:/home# mkdir /srv/homeassistant

root@debian:/home# chown homeassistant:homeassistant /srv/homeassistant


切换到homeassistant账户下，创建并加载Home Assistant Core运行所需的虚拟环境

root@debian:~# sudo -u homeassistant -H -s

homeassistant@debian:/root$ cd /srv/homeassistant

homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$ python3 -m venv .

homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$ source bin/activate

(homeassistant) homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$


虚拟环境激活后，运行以下命令来安装所需的Python包

(homeassistant) homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$ python3 -m pip install wheel

4 安装Home Assistant Core

采用pip3包管理工具安装homeassistant

(homeassistant) homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$ pip3 install homeassistant


首次启动Home Assistant Core。将完成应用安装，自动在/home/homeassistant目录中创建.homeassistance配置目录，并安装所有基本依赖项

(homeassistant) homeassistant@debian:/srv/homeassistant$ hass

Unable to find configuration. Creating default one in /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant

2022-11-04 16:18:57.015 WARNING (MainThread) [homeassistant.bootstrap] Waiting on integrations to complete setup: bluetooth

2022-11-04 16:19:06.153 WARNING (MainThread) [homeassistant.setup] Setup of bluetooth is taking over 10 seconds.

2022-11-04 16:20:45.141 WARNING (MainThread) [homeassistant.bootstrap] Waiting on integrations to complete setup: default_config

当您第一次运行hass命令时，它将下载、安装和缓存必要的库/依赖项。此过程可能需要5到10分钟。在此期间，访问web界面时可能会出现“站点无法访问”错误。这只会是第一次，随后的重启会更快。

现在可以通过web界面访问Home Assistant Core

http://主机IP:8123

第一次访问会出现如下注册界面，首先为系统配置一个账号



接下来比较简单，按照提示一步一步完成配置即进入可系统界面

5 配置开机自启动

新建rc.local文件，以homeassistant用户执行服务启动命令

root@debian:/srv/homeassistant/bin# vi /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh

su homeassistant -c '/srv/homeassistant/bin/hass'

添加可执行权限

root@debian:/srv/homeassistant/bin# chmod +x /etc/rc.local

从/lib下拷贝一份rc-local.service文件模板

root@debian:/srv/homeassistant/bin# cp /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service


编辑rc-local.service，具体配置如下图所示

root@debian:/srv/homeassistant/bin# vi /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service

# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later

#

# This file is part of systemd.

#

# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.


# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by

# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.local is executable.

[Unit]

Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility

Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)

ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local

After=network.target


[Service]

Type=forking

ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start

TimeoutSec=0

RemainAfterExit=yes

GuessMainPID=no


[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

~

~

"
/etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service" 26L, 762B 已写入


设置rc-local服务开机自启动

root@debian:/srv/homeassistant/bin# systemctl enable rc-local

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rc-local.service → /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service.


ok，到此结束，后续有机会我们再摸索一下如何将家庭智能设备接入Home Assistant。

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