在 C# 中使用正则表达式时,字符类是构建模式的基础之一。字符类允许你定义一组字符,正则表达式引擎将匹配这组字符中的任何一个字符。本文将详细介绍 C# 中的正则表达式字符类,并通过多个示例展示其用法。
常用字符类
字符类通过方括号 [] 定义,可以包含单个字符、字符范围或者字符组合。以下是一些常用的字符类:
- [abc]: 匹配 'a'、'b' 或 'c'
- [^abc]: 匹配除了 'a'、'b'、'c' 之外的任意字符
- [a-z]: 匹配任意小写字母
- [A-Z]: 匹配任意大写字母
- [0-9]: 匹配任意数字
- \d: 匹配任意数字,等同于 [0-9]
- \w: 匹配任意字母、数字或下划线,等同于 [a-zA-Z0-9_]
- \s: 匹配任意空白字符,如空格、制表符或换行符
示例:匹配特定字符集 [abc]
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = "[abc]";
string input = "Fantasy and science fiction";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine(#34;Found: {match.Value}");
}
}
}
输出:
Found: a
Found: a
Found: c
Found: c
示例:匹配除特定字符之外的字符 [^abc]
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = "[^abc]";
string input = "Escape the island";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine(#34;Found: {match.Value}");
}
}
}
输出:
Found: E
Found: s
Found: p
Found: e
Found: // 空格也被匹配
Found: t
Found: h
Found: e
Found: // 空格也被匹配
Found: i
Found: s
Found: l
Found: n
Found: d
示例:匹配字母范围 [a-z] 和 [A-Z]
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = "[a-zA-Z]";
string input = "Regex101: The Tutorial";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine(#34;Found: {match.Value}");
}
}
}
输出:
Found: R
Found: e
Found: g
Found: e
Found: x
Found: T
Found: h
Found: e
Found: T
Found: u
Found: t
Found: o
Found: r
Found: i
Found: a
Found: l
示例:匹配数字 \d 和 [0-9]
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = @"\d";
string input = "The year is 2023.";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine(#34;Found: {match.Value}");
}
}
}
输出:
Found: 2
Found: 0
Found: 2
Found: 3
示例:匹配字母数字字符 \w
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = @"\w";
string input = "Password: abc123_XYZ!";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine(#34;Found: {match.Value}");
}
}
}
输出:
Found: P
Found: a
Found: s
Found: s
Found: w
Found: o
Found: r
Found: d
Found: a
Found: b
Found: c
Found: 1
Found: 2
Found: 3
Found: _
Found: X
Found: Y
Found: Z
示例:匹配空白字符 \s
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string pattern = @"\s";
string input = "Whitespace\tcharacters\ninclude spaces.";
foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(input, pattern))
{
Console.WriteLine("Found a whitespace character.");
}
}
}
输出:
Found a whitespace character.
Found a whitespace character.
Found a whitespace character.
结论
字符类在 C# 中的正则表达式中非常有用,它们提供了一种灵活的方式来匹配特定的字符集合。通过使用字符类,你可以创建更加精确和复杂的匹配模式来处理字符串数据。掌握不同类型的字符类对于编写有效的正则表达式至关重要。以上示例应该能够帮助你开始在自己的 C# 项目中使用字符类进行模式匹配。