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Linux 安装Oracle11.2.0.4 (静默安装法)

nanyue 2025-05-09 20:46:07 技术文章 6 ℃

一、环境准备

1 下载安装包

已上传至对象存储, 一共两个包

#oracle11.2.0.4_1of7.zip
wget https://oss-cn-north-1.unicloudsrv.com/sc-tools/linux/oracle11.2.0.4_1of7.zip

#oracle11.2.0.4_2of7.zip
wget https://oss-cn-north-1.unicloudsrv.com/sc-tools/linux/oracle11.2.0.4_2of7.zip

2 关闭selinux

# vim /etc/selinux/config
  SELINUX=disabled

# setenforce 0 

3 安装依赖包

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++  glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686  libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

4 添加Oracle用户和用户组

groupadd oinstall             
groupadd dba            
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle   
passwd oracle  

5 修改内核参数

vm.dirty_background = 5
vm.dirty_ratio = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout= 30
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 256
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 256000
vm.max_map_count = 262144
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 1000000
net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 1000000
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
kernel.watchdog_thresh = 30
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 = 4096
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 = 6144
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 8192 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

sysctl -p

6 修改连接数

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

7 修改系统环境参数

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 if [$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
 ulimit -p 16384
 ulimit -n 65536
 else
 ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi

source /etc/profile

8 创建数据库安装目录及设置目录权限

mkdir /opt/oralce/oracle   # oracle是数据库系统安装目录,
mkdir /opt/oralce/oradata   # oradata是数据库数据安装目录,
mkdir /opt/oralce/oradata_back   # oradata_back是数据备份目录,
mkdir /opt/oralce/oraInventory   # oraInventory是清单目录
chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle/

9 配置Oracle用户环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$PATH:$ORALCE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HONE/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=C
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export PATH

10 配置系统环境变量

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

source /etc/profile

二、 安装数据库服务

1 解压安装包

unzip oracle11.2.0.4_1of7.zip
unzip oracle11.2.0.4_2of7.zip

解压后的目录为database

mv database /opt/oracle/database
chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle/database

2 配置静默安装响应文档

2.1 复制一份模板

cp -R /opt/oracle/database/response /opt/unicloud/oracle/oracle

2.2 属主及授权修改

chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle/oracle
chmod 755 /opt/oracle/oracle/response/*.rsp

切换至oracle用户 注意后面所有操作基本都是再oracle用户下操作

su - oracle

2.3 配置db_instaall.rsp

对照条目修改数值

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=zh-prod-ht-back4-lyg
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=4096
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

3 安装服务端

cd /opt/oracle/database

./runInstaller  -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

出现如下界面提示则安装成功

运行两个脚本
以root用户
/opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

此时再开启一个窗口 ,以root用户运行上面的两个脚本

sh /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

sh /opt/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

然后回到原来的安装页面,回车即可。

4 安装监听程序

netca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/oracle/response/netca.rsp

没有报错即可成功安装

可查看监听配置文件,看是否成功安装

ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora

也可查看1521端口是否成功启用

netstat -tlnp |grep 1521

5 安装数据库实例

修改静默安装配置文件


# 设置如下

GDBNAME="orcl"           #78行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="orcl"               #149行 SID对应的实例名字
SYSPASSWORD="1995"       #190 SYS管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORE="1995"    #200行//SYSTEM管理员密码
DATAFILEDESTINATION=/opt/unicloud/oracle/oradata/    #357行 数据文件存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/unicloud/oracle/oradata_back     #367行 恢复数据存放目录
CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK"    #415行 字符集,重要!!!建库后一般不能更改,所以建库前要确定清楚
TOTALMEMORY= "3072"       #540行 oracle内存3072MB,建议为物理内存70%~85%

执行安装命令

dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

编辑

100%则成功安装

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